Jinyu Acrylic Fiber Co., Ltd. Research and Development Department, mainly engaged in the development of new acrylic fiber products Ding dry acrylic fiber and wet acrylic fiber due to different production processes, its dyeability is very different. Although the coloring rate experiment has proved that dry and wet acrylic press 105 C can achieve the same dyeing effect (such as), most printing and dyeing equipment of printing and dyeing factories have no pressing device, generally the temperature can reach 100C, so as soon as possible It is very important to find out a set of optimum dyeing process parameters (ie, the same bath dyeing is basically no color difference) under normal temperature and pressure, which is suitable for both dry acrylic and wet acrylic.
1 Comparison of the dyeing rate of wet fiber 2 Alon Alon and wet fiber 1 Dyeing principle Dyeing is a complicated process. The textile fibers are placed in the dye liquor, and the dye solution is transferred to the fibers to finally color the fibers. This dyeing process generally includes three stages of adsorption, diffusion and fixation. When the fiber is put into the dyeing solution, the dye in the dyeing solution gradually diffuses into the vicinity of the fiber and gradually adsorbs on the surface of the fiber, so that a dye concentration difference is formed inside and outside the fiber, thereby promoting the diffusion of the dye from the fiber surface to the inside of the fiber. The dye diffused into the fiber is combined with the fiber, and the strength of the bond is related to the molecular structure of the dye, the chemical structure and physical structure of the fiber, and the dyeing conditions.
When the acrylic fiber is dyed with a cationic dye, the acrylic acid is disintegrated by the acidic group on the acrylic fiber due to the introduction of the acidic group of the third monomer, so that the surface of the fiber is negatively charged, that is, the cationic dye is positively charged after being ionized in the dye solution. (b+).
In the dyebath, the negatively charged fibers and the dye cations are electrostatically attracted, so that more dye cations are adsorbed on the surface of the dye to form a difference in the concentration of the fiber surface and the internal dye. From the secondary transition temperature of the acrylic fiber, the dye to the fiber Internal diffusion and infiltration of the structure, and finally combined by salt bonds. The bonding process is as follows: Acrylic-SO3+b+Acrylic-S3b usually refers to the acidic group on the acrylic fiber which can be combined with the dye cation. The diffusion of the dye in the fiber can be regarded as transferring from one dye holder to another. Dyeing seat.
2 Differences in the dyeing mechanism of dry-wet acrylic fiber From the perspective of fiber structure, the wet fiber is formed in the coagulation bath, and the molding is fierce. The internal structure has voids and micro-L, the surface is rough, and the structure is relatively loose. The dry acrylic fiber is formed in nitrogen. Due to the mildening of the molding conditions, the structure is uniform, dense and loose, the dye is easy to adsorb and diffuse, so the dyeing rate is faster than the dry method under the same dyeing condition.
From the fiber cross-section, the wet acrylic fiber has a circular cross section, and the dry acrylic fiber has a dumbbell shape. Generally, under the same dyeing condition, the visual color depth is circular > waist shape > dumbbell shape.
Foreign research experiments have confirmed that wet fiber begins to absorb dye when the dye bath temperature is low. If the wet and dry fibers are placed in the same dye bath, the wet fiber first absorbs the dye as the dye bath temperature rises from low to high.
3 Experimental design For the dyeing performance of dry and wet acrylic fiber, we start from the dyeing equipment, the preparation of dyeing liquid, the selection of dyeing temperature curve and the mixing ratio of dry and wet acrylic fiber, and strive to find a set of best technology. The parameters minimize the dyeing chromatic aberration of dry and wet acrylic in the same dyeing bath.
3. Experiment 1 - Selection of blending ratio 1 Instrument and equipment R-1180 high temperature and high pressure dyeing machine, CA-5 (1) laboratory carding machine, balance, glass dyeing test tube and test tube rack, dryer.
3.12 Preparation of reagents 3 Preparation of samples 8 kinds of mixing ratios, dry and wet acrylic fibers were mixed, and the ratios are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Samples of dry-wet fiber blending ratio Sample dry fiber proportion of wet fiber Proportion Note: Each sample was carded and mixed using a CA-5 (1) laboratory carding machine.
Configure the same dye solution 8 parts, formula: dye solution 20ml (dye temperature curve: fiber 50C dyed, 85C constant temperature 15min, then rise to 98C, heat 60min, and finally naturally cooled to room temperature.
According to the dyeing formula and temperature curve above, the color of each sample and the corresponding color and transmittance of the residual liquid are as shown in Table 2. Table 2 Different dyeing ratios of dyeing conditions Residual liquid color and transmittance 1~ The 5th color is deep, the opacity is 1st as the most, and is weakened in turn; the 67th is light and translucent; the 8th is almost colorless, and the transmittance is good.
No. 1 light green; sample color 2~7 light green and dark green mixed; 8 dark green.
Monochrome No.1 and No.8; there are different degrees of dyeing of the sample color difference 2~7, relatively speaking, the contrast between dark and light color of No.4 and No.5 is the smallest.
Note: The percentage of dry-wet fiber blending is shown in Table 1. 3.1.6 Experiment 1 Results Analysis Under the same conditions of normal temperature and pressure, the No. 1 sample (100% dry sample) is the lightest (light green) residue. The liquid is the thickest (dark opaque) sample No. 8 (1 (1) wet fiber) is the darkest (dark green) color, its residual liquid is almost colorless and transparent, and the more the wet fiber content in several ratios, the more the residual liquid concentration Low, it can be seen that wet acrylic is easier to absorb dye than dry acrylic.
When the dry-wet acrylic fiber is mixed, the dyeing phenomenon occurs due to the difference in the ability of the two acrylic fibers to absorb the dye, and the two samples of No. 4 and No. 5 (70:30, 60:40 respectively) are suitable. Easy to mix, so from the overall effect, the phenomenon of dyeing is less obvious. Therefore, we believe that the dry-wet acrylic fiber is better at mixing ratios of 70:30 and 60:40.
3.2 Experiment 2 Selection of dyeing temperature C dyeing, the dyeing rate of dry and wet acrylic fiber varies greatly. This is mainly due to the fact that the wet acrylic fiber is placed in the same dye bath at room temperature. When the dye bath temperature rises from low to high, the wet fiber first absorbs the dye. Therefore, the low temperature section is dyed, which is advantageous for wet fiber, and is not conducive to dry fiber. Therefore, we first increase the dyeing temperature of the fiber. The experimental procedure is as follows.
3.2.1 Instruments and equipment R-1180 high temperature and high pressure dyeing machine, glass dyeing test tube and test tube rack, balance, drying oven.
3.22 samples are selected from four kinds of samples, the composition is as shown in Table 3. Table 3 mixed percentage sample dry acrylic fiber wet acrylic fiber 3.2.3 dyeing conditions 4 to prepare the same dyeing solution 4, see the temperature curve.
Natural cooling to room temperature Experiment 2 Temperature curve sample No. Residue color and transmittance Sample color color dark, poor transmittance than the first sample of experiment 1 color slightly dark green, good transparency and experiment 1 The color of the No. 8 sample is dark green and slightly transparent to the sample No. 4 and No. 5 of Experiment 1. The dyeing degree is further weakened. Note: The percentage of dry and wet fiber blending is shown in Table 3. 3.2.5 Experiment 2 Results analysis According to the above experiment, when the dyeing temperature is increased to the vicinity of the glass transition temperature of the dry fiber, the dry acrylic fiber becomes loose due to the fiber structure, the dyeing speed is accelerated, the coloring rate is obviously improved, and the wet acrylic fiber is not changed. Therefore, the phenomenon of dyeing is weakened.
3.3 Experiment 3 Selection of retarder dosage In order to further reduce the color difference existing in the dyeing of dry-wet acrylic fiber under the same dyeing conditions, the dyeing phenomenon of the blended product is weakened, and the coloring rate problem is solved to obtain the leveling effect. Therefore, the amount of cationic retarder should also be controlled in the dyeing solution during dyeing. The cationic retarder is a positively chargeable colorless compound, which can also be regarded as a colorless cationic dye with affinity for acrylic fibers. The molecule is smaller than the dye, and the diffusion rate is faster when dyeing, and because of its surface activity, the dye easily penetrates into the interior of the fiber, competes with the dye for the dyeing position on the acrylic fiber, and delays the dyeing speed of the dye. The affinity of the cationic retarder to the fiber is less than the affinity of the dye to the fiber, and the dye cation gradually replaces part of the retarder when boiling. At the same time, the cationic retarding agent also has a dyeing effect, that is, under the action of the retarding agent, the dye can be transferred on the dyeing material, in particular, it can be transferred from the thicker portion to the lighter portion, so that the dyeing product is not prevented. Dyeing flowers. The retarder 1227 used by us is an alkaryl quaternary ammonium salt type cationic retarder. This cationic retarder is mainly used for retarding and has a certain degree of transfer effect. Its molecular formula is 1 without retarding agent. 2 Add appropriate amount of retarding agent 3 The relationship between the amount of retarding agent and the coloring rate when the retarder is excessive is experimentally designed as follows.
3.3.1 Instruments, equipment and samples are the same as experiment 2. 3.3.2 Preparation of reagents The following reagents are pre-configured in the standard solution: 0. 3.3.3 Dyeing conditions Preparation of dyeing liquid: In order to compare the effect of different 1227 dosage on dyeing effect 2 sets of dyeing liquids were designed, the ratio of which is shown in Table 5.50; the temperature curve is the same as the experiment 2. Table 5, experiment 3, 2 groups of dyeing liquid ratio, ml dyeing solution, dyeing solution, NaAcHAc1227 water (0. 3.3.4) The results of experiment 3 and its analysis 4 samples in the two groups of experiments were significantly lighter than the corresponding samples of experiment 2. First, due to the use of retarder and did not reach the boiling dye, the dyeing seat was also slowed down by a certain number of cations. The dye occupies, the dye cations fail to completely replace the retarder; the second is because the two groups of retarder and dye dosage are multiplied by their sum of f values ​​(58=258, group 2, 1+2X0.58=3.16) Both are greater than the saturation constant of the fiber 2.1, which is used in excess, thus significantly affecting the final coloring rate, resulting in a light color of the dyeing.
Compared with the second group, the first group was lighter than the first group, and the second group was mainly used in the second group more than the first group.
Comparing Experiment 2, the chromatic aberration between the No. 1 and No. 2 samples in these two experiments was reduced, mainly because the coloring rate of the wet acrylic fiber was fast, and the coloring mechanism of the cationic retarder was similar to that of the cationic dye, so it was also easy. It is adhered by wet acrylic fiber, so the retarding effect on wet acrylic fiber is stronger than that on dry acrylic fiber.
In the two groups of experiments, the staining of samples No. 3 and No. 4 was significantly weakened, mainly because the retarding effect of the retarding agent on the wet acrylic fiber was stronger than that on the dry acrylic fiber. In addition, because the 1227 cationic retarder has a retarding effect, it also plays a certain role in the transfer of dyes on the dyes, especially from the darker parts to the lighter parts. Leveling effect.
3. Experiment 4: Selection of the best process parameters 3.41 Determination of the experimental design temperature curve: Selecting the appropriate temperature rise curve can effectively control the dyeing rate of the dye to achieve uniform dyeing effect. In general, a variable speed heating method, a constant temperature dyeing method, and a sectional heating method can be employed. Taking into account the feasibility of the operation, we adopted a piecewise temperature-increasing dyeing method, that is, between each temperature section, it can be insulated, dyed at a constant temperature for a period of time, and finally raised to 100 Q for short-term treatment, so that Conducive to uniform dyeing. According to the relationship between temperature and color rate, Wu Guanying. Dyeing and Finishing Technology (Volume 3). Beijing: Textile Industry Press. Beijing: Textile Industry Press, 1985.One welcomes subscription in 2002 (<Textile Machinery Magazine 2404/TS. Founded for more than 20 years, focusing on the combination of theory and practice, and a large number of domestic and foreign textiles in the form of scientific papers, research reports, etc. The development of machinery and creative research results in the academic field; reported the principles and policies of the textile industry and the textile machinery industry and advanced experience in enterprise management, technological innovation and technological transformation. The content covers overview, textile equipment, textile electrical The columns of design, manufacturing, production practice, and enterprise management provide a lot of valuable materials for promoting academic exchanges and promoting the promotion and application of scientific and technological achievements, and are well received by readers.
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