In recent years, China's cloud computing development policies have been introduced, and the macro-policy environment of related industries has basically taken shape. At the same time, the financial industry's policy environment for the development of cloud computing is also gradually improving, and the cloud on the bank is the general trend.
The "Small and Medium Bank Cloud White Paper" released recently has been analyzed and analyzed: Industry Cloud is an ideal and efficient deployment model for small and medium-sized banks. However, the application paths of different types of financial institutions to cloud computing are quite different and cannot be generalized.
The application of cloud computing in the financial industry has received much attention. Especially for small and medium-sized banks, they are faced with real problems such as how to choose cloud computing services and what key points should be considered in the process of clouding. Recently, China Information and Communication Research Institute and Xingye Digital Financial Services Co., Ltd. wrote and published the "Small and Medium Bank White Cloud White Paper" (hereinafter referred to as "White Paper"), which analyzed the above problems and considered that the industry cloud is helping the transformation ideals of small and medium banks. Efficient deployment model.
Below, let the Economic Daily reporter lead everyone to look at the cloud computing that is highly regarded by the financial industry.
Rapid development of cloud computing
After more than a decade of development, cloud computing has become the name that defines the current tide of information technology change. At present, domestic traditional financial institutions mainly use private cloud and industry cloud deployment models.
“Cloud Bank is the cornerstone of future financial business innovation. Financial cloud can empower digital banking, realize transformative business results, and empower digital banking innovation and new business capabilities.†Intel Global Industry Solutions Group Financial Industry Manager Mike Blakelock said that the current bank's layout in the financial cloud will profoundly affect future finance.
Cloud computing first came from Google CEO Eric Schmidt in 2006. It was widely spread after Amazon launched its flexible computing cloud service, and finally became the name that defines the current wave of information technology revolution.
According to reports, according to the different user scope of the cloud computing platform, the cloud resource attribution and the control party, the cloud computing is generally divided into four deployment models: private cloud, public cloud, industry cloud (community cloud) and hybrid cloud.
The private cloud refers to a cloud deployment model in which the cloud service is used only by one cloud service client and the resource is controlled by the cloud service client. A private cloud can be owned, managed, and operated by the cloud service customer itself or by a third party. The private cloud can be on or off the cloud service customer's site. Cloud service customers can also authorize access to other participants for their own benefit. In general, customers of a private cloud are limited to an organization.
An industry cloud (community cloud) is a cloud deployment model in which cloud services are only used and shared by a specific set of cloud service customers. The needs of this group of cloud service customers are shared, related to each other, and the resources are controlled by the intra-group cloud service customer control or cloud service provider. A community cloud can be jointly owned, managed, and operated by one or more organizations, third parties, or both in a community. The community cloud can be on-site or off-site in the cloud service customer. Industry clouds are limited to customers in the industry with common concerns, including but not limited to: business needs, security needs, policy compliance considerations, etc.
The reporter learned that at present, traditional financial institutions in China use cloud computing technology mainly using two deployment models: private cloud and industry cloud. According to the business, the financial industry can be subdivided into sub-markets such as banking, securities, insurance, and internet finance. For traditional financial institutions, especially the banking industry, the main use of private cloud and industry cloud is closely related to the high regulation of the banking industry.
The cloud has become a trend
The macro policy environment of important links such as the development and application of cloud computing industry in China has basically taken shape. However, in the specific application of cloud computing, there are still three major "pain points" in the financial industry.
In recent years, China's cloud computing development policies have been introduced, and the macro-policy environment of important aspects such as cloud computing industry development, industry promotion, and application foundation has been basically formed. At the same time, the financial industry's policy environment for cloud computing development is gradually improving.
As a milestone in the construction of China's financial cloud, the former China Banking Regulatory Commission issued a regulatory opinion on banking cloud computing for the first time in the “Guidelines for the Supervision and Management of the 13th Five-Year Plan for China's Banking Information Technology†(draft for comments), and proposed to actively carry out Cloud computing architecture planning, active and steadily implementing architecture migration; supporting industry clouds in the financial industry. In addition, in addition to the financial private cloud, the “Industrial Public Cloud†model is proposed to support the establishment of an industry cloud platform operating mechanism that meets legal and regulatory requirements, market-oriented operations, and financial-grade security levels. The "13th Five-Year Development Plan for Information Technology in China's Financial Industry" issued by the People's Bank of China also requires the implementation of new technologies, promotes the development of financial innovation, and steadily promotes the application of system architecture and cloud computing technology.
In the view of many industry experts, the cloud on the bank is now the trend of the times, but the application path of cloud computing by different types of financial institutions is quite different and cannot be generalized. “Large banks have chosen to use their own software and hardware products to build their own private cloud and operate independently, because of the large investment in traditional information infrastructure, full-time technical departments, and more cautious safety requirements.†Xingye Digital Financial Services Co., Ltd. Risk Management Expert Hou Dapeng said, however, the vast majority of small and medium-sized banks often face three major challenges when they go to the cloud: First, the business pressure is high, and the small banks of the information systems that are on the line of large banks are also going online, but their own information construction capabilities. However, it is not enough; the second is “lack of money and few peopleâ€. Small and medium-sized banks do not have the strong financial resources and abundant human resources of large state-owned banks and major joint-stock banks. Third, it is difficult to operate and maintain, and more and more information systems are brought online, bringing operation. As the difficulty of maintenance increases, the difficulty of management and integration increases, and the challenges of risk control are increasing.
In response to the three “pain points†of small and medium-sized banks on the cloud, the White Paper believes that the industry cloud is an ideal and efficient deployment model for small and medium-sized banks. From the perspective of operating costs, the industry cloud does not need to invest a lot of manpower and material resources like a private cloud, fully reflecting the on-demand and flexible nature of cloud computing. Small and medium-sized banks can invest in a relatively low-cost “monthly service feeâ€. Do not take up too much working capital. Secondly, small and medium-sized banks do not need to be equipped with professional IT operation and maintenance personnel in order to go to the cloud, and can enjoy advanced application technology at the same time. In addition, compared to the public cloud, the industry cloud also meets financial industry regulatory compliance requirements.
Data risk management is the focus
The security and protection of data assets are implemented in all aspects of the data life cycle. Therefore, small and medium-sized banks should develop sound risk management and security systems.
"At present, financial institutions use cloud computing technology, usually adopting an implementation route that gradually migrates from the peripheral system." Talking about the current situation of the cloud, Hou Dapeng said. In his view, the auxiliary business system has a low level of security, and once a system problem occurs, it does not lead to huge business risks. Therefore, financial institutions generally consider trying to use cloud computing in auxiliary systems such as channel systems, customer marketing systems, and business management, thereby improving system management flexibility, reducing operating costs, and greatly improving the related user experience. In addition, because the Internet financial system includes micro-loan, P2P, consumer finance and other related businesses, the system needs to be newly built, the historical burden is relatively light, and has natural Internet service characteristics, so it is also more suitable for cloud computing related technologies.
It is worth noting that Ji Xiaojie, general manager of the China Financial Certification Center, said: “Cloud computing, as a key technology to enhance information technology, has become a trend in a wide range of applications in the financial sector. However, as of now, there are still many problems in cloud computing. Exploring, one of the most significant problems is how to ensure the information security of 'Financial Cloud' while financial business and other businesses are running 'Dengyun'.†In Ji Xiaojie's view, with the rise of “financial cloudâ€, financial information security needs Address data security, business continuity and other issues, and should pay attention to compliance risks.
The "White Paper" stated that in the process of Shangyun, from the small and medium banks themselves, a sound risk management and security system should be formulated, and the risk management system of the entire information technology department should be designed according to the "three lines of defense" thinking of regulatory requirements. The framework includes information technology management, information technology risk management and information technology audit management; it also needs to focus on data risk management, establish a talent training and skill reserve mechanism, and strengthen the ability to actively manage risks.
Experts emphasize that the security and protection of data assets runs through all aspects of the data life cycle, which requires the maintenance and coordination of cloud resource users and cloud service providers. To this end, on March 16, the former China Banking Regulatory Commission issued the "Guidelines for Data Governance of Banking Financial Institutions" (Draft for Comment), requiring banking financial institutions to incorporate data governance into corporate governance, and to evaluate data governance and corporate governance. Linked to regulatory ratings; explicitly encourage banking financial institutions to carry out institutional exploration, set up chief data officers in the company; emphasize that banking financial institutions should comply with the needs of the big data era, and all relevant parties should strengthen data security awareness, legal compliance Collect data to prevent excessive collection and abuse of data, and effectively protect customer data security according to law.
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