Nowadays, we all have very developed and convenient jade tools. However, the history of jade carving in China can be extended to the Neolithic Age. We must know that the technology at that time was not so developed. How did the ancients make jade? The hardness of jade is everyone. All know, what tools did the ancients use to engrave such beautiful patterns on such hard jade?
From the late Neolithic period to the Xia Dynasty, the main materials of jade articles in different cultural regions are different. If the Hetian jade in Xinjiang is used as the standard, the hardness of jade used in Liangzhu culture area is low, which is a major factor in the jade ornamentation of this place. . The jade used in the Qijia culture area in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is similar to the Hetian jade in Xinjiang. The hardness reaches 6.5 degrees Mohs, which is difficult to sculpt, so it is mostly a good tool. The jade used in the Hongshan cultural area is between the Liangzhu and Qijia in hardness. This is a rough analysis and there are special circumstances. From the late Neolithic to the Xia Dynasty, not only bronze tools were used for the processing of jade, but iron metal may also be used in a small amount. Natural copper and natural iron are not rare minerals, and the ancestors will not turn a blind eye. Due to the lack of archaeological basis, the specific processing methods of jade at that time were not clear enough, such as the structure of machinery, the shape of tools and so on.
Ancient jade
Judging from the traces left on the jade, there was already a saw-type cutting method for sheet metal, and a technique for rotating a hole in a jade with a tubular metal. When using these metal tools, one kind of material can't be separated from the jade stone. The hardness is higher than that of jade. Generally, quartz minerals or natural sand are used. In the literature, there is a record of the ancient people using the powder of gemstones.
In the Xia Dynasty, some jade processing seems to be done by sophisticated mechanical devices, such as ceremonial ceremonies. During this period, some jade wares with bas-relief patterns appeared on the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The jade carvings required such tools required the use of a cooker like a matchstick to fix it on a rotating table. You can reduce the amount of land and snoring on the jade. I have seen several such cookware, which was in the Warring States Period. The bronze texture is the same as the cookware used in today's jade factory.
In the late Neolithic period, there is also a hollowing technique of jade, which is usually punched in a piece of jade, through the wire, to drive the pattern needed to solve the jade sand, Liangzhu culture, Hongshan culture and Longshan culture. This process has appeared. The author repeatedly emphasized the role of metal tools in the production of jade, because they created a unique jade culture in China.
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